Mr Speaker, I am very grateful for the opportunity to make this Statement today June 13th, in observance of the International Albinism Awareness Day. It is a UN effort to stop the brutalities against people with albinism.
It started when the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted a resolution in 2013 calling for the prevention of attacks and discrimination against Persons with Albinism. This culminated on 18th December 2014, when the General Assembly adopted a resolution proclaiming 13th June as International Albinism Awareness Day.
On 26th March 2015, the Council created the mandate of independent expert on the enjoyment of human rights by Persons with Albinism. This is important because people with albinism face multiple forms of discrimination worldwide.
Albinism is still profoundly misunderstood, socially and medically. The physical appearance of persons with albinism is often the object of erroneous beliefs and myths influenced by superstition, which foster their marginalisation and social exclusion. This leads to various forms of stigma and discrimination.
In some communities, erroneous beliefs and myths heavily influenced by superstition put the security and lives of persons with albinism at constant risk. These beliefs and myths are centuries old and are present in cultural attitudes and practices around the world.
The UN Report submitted as part of the Human Rights Council resolution 23/ 13 of 13th June, 2013, states that albinos are often regarded as “ghosts and not human beings, who therefore can be wiped off the global map.”
Mr Speaker, in January 2016, Ms. Ikponwosa Ero, United Nations Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of Human Rights of Persons with Albinism submitted her first Report on Albinism to the UN Human Rights Council.
The latest Report was presented to the Human Rights Council in 2017 and included a focus on witchcraft as a key root cause of attacks against persons with albinism.
Unfortunately, many people believe that abinism is retribution or punishment from God for sins committed by parents or family members of the person with albinism. These misconceptions, coupled with the lack of education, are some of the key reasons that albinism is so heavily persecuted.
This lack of knowledge about people with albinism means that folktales and superstition in the name of witchcraft take the place of medical and scientific facts in the minds of many native Africans, with and without albinism, which in turn has major effects on the social integration of people with albinism into African society.
Persons with Albinism and Human Rights
Mr Speaker, Persons with Albinism are discriminated against although article 17 (2) of the 1992 Constitution states that
“a person shall not be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or economic status”.
Apart from these, there are more concerns about albinism which stem from various points.
First and foremost. Persons with Albinism are human beings like any other person. They are only born with a congenital condition. They are normal people with less pigment in their skin and this is characterised by complete or partial absence of melanin, the pigment which gives colour to the skin, hair and eyes.
Secondly, albinism is non-contagious and occurs in all racial and ethnic groups throughout the world.
People with Albinism may also have impaired vision, be sensitive to bright light, squint, nearsighted and sometimes, involuntarily roll their eyeballs from side to side, they have pale or fair skin, pigmented freckles on the skin and soreness of skin on exposure to the sun, as well as being more susceptible to skin cancer.
Mr Speaker, it is important to remember that albinism is not a disease. Albinism refers to disorders of reduction of pigmentation compared with others of the same ethnic and racial backgrounds with characteristic eye involvement. Albinism is not caused by anyone's action or inaction.
It does not prevent enjoyment of life. All Persons with Albinism will live well in a welcoming environment like any other person. People with Albinism live full, active and satisfying lives, there are individuals who learn and grow; contribute successfully in a wide range of vocations.
Mr Speaker, unfortunately, persons with albinism face multiple forms of discrimination worldwide. Their dis- tinctive appearance has become the source of myth and stereotypes which have a seriously negative impact on their lives.
The discrimination against Persons with Albinism is often demonstrated by family members and relatives, especially at birth, and ill-treatment by the general society is widespread where there are severe issues of social exclusion and stigma.
The Annual Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General (2013) revealed that there is abundant evidence that the rights of persons with albinism are violated in many countries, particularly in Africa.