Hon Members, Sitting was suspended a while for us to resolve a matter. Respectfully, this is my ruling on the application of Hon Mahama Ayariga on his invitation by a letter from the Special Prosecutor to appear before the High Court today, Tuesday, 4th June, 2019 at
Hon Members, this ruling is made following the issue of privilege raised by Hon Mahama Ayariga on the receipt of a letter from the Special Prosecutor of the Republic, requesting the Speaker to release Hon Ayariga to appear before a criminal court today Tuesday the 4th of June 2019. The Hon Ayariga has indicated he sent his lawyers to court to represent him and indicate that his partial immunity will not allow him to attend court when Parliament is Sitting.
The Hon Member further indicated that out of respect, and to avoid a battle between the legislature and other organs of State, he would attend the court at 1 pm and bring his side of the immunity before the court. The Hon Member referred to our Constitution, and respectfully I echo the following:
a. Article 117 which reads “Civil and criminal processes coming from any court or place out of Parliament shall not be served on, or executed in relation to, the Speaker or a member or the Clerk to Parliament while he is on his way to, attending at or returning from, any proceedings of Parliament.”
b. Article 118(1), which reads, “Neither the Speaker nor a member of, nor the Clerk to Parliament shall be compelled, while attending Parliament to appear as a witness in any court or place out of Parliament.”
c. Article 122 which reads “An act or omission which obstructs or impedes Parliament in the performance of its functions or which obstructs or impedes a member or officer of Parliament in the discharge of his duties, or affronts the dignity of Parliament or which tends either directly or indirectly to produce that result, is contempt of Parliament.”
Our Constitution provides that no person is above the law. Indeed, Hon
Members of Parliament are not above the law. Luckily, it is obvious that Hon Members are mindful of this and no person should canvass this point, which is rather spurious. Nevertheless, the Constitution gives certain limited immunity to MPs and it is for good reason. Any invitation that would obstruct a sitting MP is not acceptable by our 1992 Constitution. All law-abiding citizens must respect this as a provision of the highest law of the Land.
Notably, the provisions allow space to try an MP. This is where practicality comes in. In the case of Hon Dan Abodakpi, the court hearings were held on Mondays and recess periods of Parliament. This allows trial to go on and satisfy the constitutional provisions. Court sittings can even be held from day- to-day during vacation and with a particular case being heard exclusively by the Judge to expedite trial, and fulfil the constitutional requirement. Students of the Rule of Law, Separation of Powers and constitutionalism will appreciate this position.
During the First Republic of Ghana, the Preventive Detention Act (PDA) was applied to detain opposition MPs, only for them to be absent from the
House for 14 days and then dismissed from Parliament. This is dangerous for human rights and democracy, as this can be employed by criminal charges and trials which will prevent the people's representatives from representing them.
Our constitutional injunction against cross carpeting is also to protect representative government. The price for liberty is eternal vigilance. If 20 opposition MPs at any time should be put before court by a regime, which aims at destroying representative governance, what should we do? This is not the day for visionaries to start protesting.
Suppose trials are over the place, Bawku, Tumu, Enchi, Aflao, et cetera, can Parliament function? What if arraignments before courts are timed just before crucial votes in the House?
The history of these privileges must be studied by lovers of freedom. In England, at one stage, the Crown did all it could to inhibit Parliament with arrests, et cetera. Hence, the need for protection which evolved till we have captured it in our Constitution. We need sober reflection of these matters. Our Constitution allows for a possibility that some day, a President's party would be in the minority. Should we
allow him to use certain tactics to cripple the majority through trials?
Hon Members, the constitutional document that we the people of Ghana gave ourselves in 1992 contemplates that the exercise of political authority will function in a way that limits Government and secures liberty. An important cog in the proper functioning of that mechanism is the aspiration of our founders that the three co-equal branches of Govern- ment will work independently. As noted by the late learned Chief Justice Wiredu:
“The scope and extent of the doctrine of the separation of powers...under the constitution, 1992 is to ensure that each arm of state in the performance of its duties within the framework of the Constitution, 1992 …act[s] independently and should not be obstructed in the exercise of its legitimate duties or be unduly interfered with”.
It is therefore of critical importance that in the dealings of arms of government and other State actors, care is taken to ensure that legitimate duties are not interfered with or