accredited. The quality of the teaching staff - faculty, are profoundly poor and unacceptable. So how come that they got a charter and registered that they could run a university? Did they meet the basic minimum re- quirements? That is why this intervention of a strengthened regulatory regime is commendable and worth supporting.
The National Accreditation Board, in my view, in many instances failed this State. If we even look at the physical infrastructure of what is referred to as a university, between Kumasi and Accra, we had what we called the massification or the mushrooming of private universities.
The quality is worrying, but whiles I support the merger, we would have to caution that the remit of the National Accreditation Board was not the same thing as the National Council for Tertiary Education. I still see that they would play a regulatory function, a coordinating function, and an accreditation function.
However, the National Council for Tertiary Education did more, relative to policy. As the Hon Okudzeto observed, at all times, we must assure the universities of non-interference by the State, and by political office holders, who would seek to interfere with the jealously safeguarded academic freedom of those universities. So in this Bill, we would be interested in it.
Mr Speaker, I would also want to refer you to clause 10 of the Bill. We would look at it when we come to the Consideration Stage, but to raise a concern, it reads, and I quote:
“Conflicts with other enactments in approval of programmes”.
It continues to read:
“Where there is a conflict between the provisions of this Act and the provisions of any other enactment, in matters relating to the approval of accreditation of academic programmes offered by tertiary education institutions, the provisions of this Act shall prevail.”
Mr Speaker, is that not to threaten what exists currently in Ghana's universities? We are saying that where there is a conflict, this law must prevail. So if the University of Ghana has its own statute which had a way of determining the approval of its accredited programmes, are we saying that it should be abandoned for this law? That is primarily one of our many concerns; We must guarantee academic freedom, but we must also respect existing laws. We should not interfere too much and say that where there is conflict in enactment, this law must prevail.
Mr Speaker, my second point is on the future of higher education. Ghana has no developed manpower plan, and we are not even focusing on it as a country. In the next ten
years, what category of human resources are we looking for and training our people for? We need to have one. Perhaps, the Minister for Education, the Minister for Employment and Labour Relations, as well as other Ministers in Government must engage. We cannot have a country that has no defined manpower needs. Everybody knows that science, technology, and engineering into the future is what we should be looking at as a country.
Mr Speaker, however, currently, as we have observed, all the universities; public and private are interested in the social sciences and matters that relate to marketing. We know that universities provide generic academic training, and they are not necessarily meant to produce men and women to satisfy the needs of industry and commerce. But as a country - everyday, we are being told of graduate unemployment. This is because we are producing unemployable graduates. We should accept that, and the universities must also accept some responsibility that they are not training the Ghanaian young people in the desired areas to fit the needs of contemporary times.
Mr Speaker, again, as I said, there must be quality of faculties. We know how your generation and that of
professor Yankah's generation were trained in academics. Do those opportunities still exist? How many scholars can our youth benefit from? We would have to look at it.
Mr Speaker, I would conclude with another half of the Bill which deals with technical and vocational education. I would want to add that Ghana has not taken full advantage of ensuring that we keep our young people with employable skills. The emphasis of Government on technical and vocational education is also worth noting and worth commending, but we would need to do more. If we go through the country - I visited one of our Hon Colleagues, the Hon Member from Yamfo in the Bono Region. There, the young girls and boys were looking for some opportunity to learn catering, carpentry and masonry to earn a living from.
Mr Speaker, I have maintained that the best measure of living standard is employment, not the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, which is reported on every day by our economists. How many technical and vocational institutions do we have across the country? I know that Government has taken some loans to beef up and expand access to technical and vocational education.