I will
come to the Leaders, and then the Hon
Minister would conclude.
Deputy Minority Leader (Mr
Emmanuel Armah-Kofi Buah): Mr
Speaker, thank you. I would like to thank
the Hon Member who made the
Statement, the MP for Effutu, Mr
Alexander Kwamena Afenyo-Markin,
for a very thorough and well-researched
Statement.
Mr Speaker, the reason this Statement
is very important is that the Hon Member
who made the Statement took the
trouble, not just to outline the advantages
of social media, but to also bring out the
dangers, made recommendations, and
even outlined the role of parents in this
fight to make sure that our children are
safe. Indeed, I think every MP, on a daily
basis, would use some of the social
media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, or
Tiktok et cetera. Really, when we started,
I think the term was “Information Superhighway”—The advantages are enormous, that a child in a village in
Ellembele, who is connected to the
internet and really studying mathematics
with another child in Japan, solves
mathematical problem, problems whose
answers otherwise could not be found.
So, yes, there are a lot of advantages.
This is the social media that has now
made the world a global village, indeed.
It also comes with serious dangers that
have been outlined by the Hon Member
who made the Statement. He talked
about exposure to upsetting and
inappropriate content and sexual
violence that has been brought about by
this. A lot of dangers have also been
described by the Hon Members who
previously contributed to the Statement.
Times are different in this information
superhighway. When I was growing up,
the worst one could do was that, “KKs band” had come to one's village, and in the evening, one, somehow, escaped to
go and watch the concert without the
permission of one's parents. They would track the person down to that concert
party, grab them by the neck, and they
would go home and get a slap. However,
the parent of the 21st Century is at home
with the child who is in his room; the
assumption is that he or she is being a
good child, but they are on the internet,
connected to a place the parent has no
idea about. He or she is on the internet
and connected to the dangerous child
abuser. We have heard stories of a lot of
missing children who have escaped.
Mr Speaker, just three months ago, a
young girl from the Brong Ahafo Region
was lured to Ellembelle District, through
social media, with the promise by the
young man who lured her that not only
was he going to help her go to school, he
was also going to support her with a lot
of enticement. She ended up in
Ellembele District from Brong Ahafo — It was only by God's grace that we saved this young lady. We, thankfully, arrested
the abuser. The police disclosed that they
found 30 phones—this is a guy who has been duping so many — Apparently, he had gone in and out of jail for five times.
He was a hardened criminal, and all he
did was be on social media in a single
room in a small village called Ampain.
He was operating in the whole country,
luring girls, and I think even killing and
selling them, connecting them with a
network of very dangerous people.
Mr Speaker, this is what we are talking
about, so the recommendations by the
Hon Member who made the Statement
are very important, especially when he
talked about the efforts of the State
which has already passed laws. He talked
about the Cybersecurity Act, 2020 (Act
1038), but I would emphasise the need
for us to revisit and strengthen the Act to
make sure that — quite frankly, we can close the loop holes and make it
especially more punitive to punish
people who take advantage.
Mr Speaker, the recommendations,
especially, are what impress me. He
talked about the role of the parent, and
there is nothing very important than
parents making sure that they can engage
their children, making sure that they
create the lines of communication so that
our children would not find it so difficult
to engage us and tell us everything.
How many parents have that
relationship with their children? That is
important. The fear that they have gone
on the internet and somebody has
promised to give them - [Interruption]. So, Mr Speaker, this topic is very
important. The need for us to address the
issues raised is very important,
especially the concluding recommenda-
tions; they are critical and we must take
a real look, particularly the one that quite
frankly applies to this Parliament.
In his concluding remarks, the Hon
Member who made the Statement called
for a joint Committee of Gender,
Children and Social Protection, the
Ministry of Communication and Digita-
lisation — I am happy the Hon Minister is here and even the security services. Mr
Speaker, what I want to add is that on six
occasions, Facebook accounts in my
name have been used to dupe people. I
have gone to the Police, the intelligence
officers. They told me they were close to
arresting people at Spintex, but it never
happened. I do not remember a time that
they have been able to arrest anybody,
and I believe a lot of Hon Ministers of
State and Hon Members of Parliament
are helpless when it comes to these
fraudsters.
We must take these issues seriously,
especially, the Ghana Police Service. We
cannot create a desk at the Police Service
when it comes to this issue. We must
begin to have a whole department and
train a whole army of cyber-security
experts to deal with this issue.
Mr Speaker, this topic cannot be
exhausted today. It is too important, and
we must re-visit it and address the issues
that have been raised by the Hon
Member who made the Statement. I
thank you for the opportunity.
Majority Chief Whip (Mr Frank
Annoh-Dompreh): Mr Speaker, I intend
to be brief, and I see the Hon Minister for
Communication and Digitalisation
seated. I am sure she would speak from
the point of policy and also give further
elucidation on the matter. However, let
me acknowledge from the outset that in
other jurisdictions—I know about China, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and a
few other places—when you visit, there are limitations clearly put out on what
you can do on social media, Whatsapp
and others.
Let us not mix up the issues raised by
the Hon Member who made the
Statement. I think if we look at the topic,
the Hon Deputy Majority Leader is
looking at an early clamp-down on
exposure of children to social media.
That is the thrust of the Statement, and I
think we have to focus on that. Of course,
I agree that there are other considerations
and other concerns, especially looking at
social media as a resource and its
attendant negative effect inherent.
Mr Speaker, on children, it is
something that can be done. I heard the
Hon Member for Tamale Central
lamenting on limitations on this — Even
if we limit their access to phones, they
would definitely be going to other places
such as schools. It can still be done. Once
it is a policy of Government, the begging
question comes up as enforcement, and
that is what we have to focus on.
I must commend the Hon Deputy
Majority Leader. The Statement is very
well researched, detailed and also
properly puts matters into context,
referencing studies and publications that
are relevant. However, Mr Speaker, on
the existing law, which is the Cyber
Security Act, 2020 (Act 1038), probably,
that is what, if it pleases you, Mr
Speaker, we may look at doing a
consequential referral, so that one of
your Committees or an ad hoc
Committee could be put together to look
at these matters in context and advise the
House on how we should go forward.
This is because the risk is real. We
cannot pretend about it, especially where
it concerns our youth and our kids and
how vulnerable they are. We may have
to take a quick decision as a House and
come to some consensus on how we
should deal with this.
The Hon Deputy Minority Leader
lamented on what we have been going
through as Hon Members of Parliament.
The fraud that has been perpetuated on
us, especially in recent times, all comes
in wake to speak to the fact that all of us
are at risk. So, the matter is not about
children, but for the meantime, we
probably have to look at the law, and as
the Hon Member who made the
Statement laments on the dearth of
reports in this House to know what is
happening in terms of the implementation
of various sections of the Act?
Having said this, Mr Speaker, I would
want to commend the Hon Deputy
Majority Leader and pray you that you
probably do the needful by giving out a
consequential referral so that we can
further grind the matter and come to a
very good conclusion.
Minister for Communication and
Digitalisation (Mrs Ursula Gifty
Owusu-Ekuful): Mr Speaker, I must
commend the Hon Member who made
the Statement, the Hon Deputy Majority
Leader, for a very well-researched paper
which speaks the facts of the dangers that
we face and our children are exposed to
through social media usage. However, it
goes beyond merely social media usage.
It is the dangers online, generally, that
our children are exposed to. Some of
these dangers do not just come from
social media platforms, but by browsing
other sites online, and as some of the Hon
Members who commented indicated, it is
not so much social media that is the evil
but it is the use to which we put it that
may cause some harm to all of us.
Mr Speaker, he was right. Up to 30 to
40 per cent of our children are exposed
to dangers online. What do we do to
protect them? Our Cyber Security Act
provides some of the most far-reaching
protection that our children can have, as
indicated in the Statement, and almost all
the dangers that they are exposed to are
outlined in there and provision made for
some protection for them against that.
However, it is one thing making
provision in the law for addressing
deviant behaviour; it is another thing
enforcing those provisions in the law.
Thankfully, we have set up the Cyber
Security Act, 2020, which has a very
active child online protection unit which
works very closely with both civil
society and security agencies to clamp
down on actions that are taken in
contravention of the law.
As part of their duties, they have a very
active Public Education and
Sensitisation Department, and it is one of
the most effective ways that we have
identified to ensure that our children can
utilise online platforms safely. We
launched a Safer Digital Ghana pro-
gramme in 2008, and every year, there is
an Africa Safer Internet Day, which is
celebrated as part of the Safer Digital
Ghana Project. Over 400,000 school
children have been sensitised and
educated on safe ways to utilise the
internet and safer cyber-hygienic
practices. This year, they intend to reach
another additional 600,000 school
children largely in the second cycle
institutions.
Mr Speaker, they have also instituted a
short code through which all persons, not
just children, who are affected by some
practices online which they are
uncomfortable with, can seek advice. It
is a 24/7 platform which they utilise, and
the short code is 292. So, one can just
dial 292 and there would be somebody to
guide him or her as to what he or she can
do to either address a live situation that
he or she is going through or prevent
some untoward actions from happening.
We also have peer educators in the
various second cycle institutions and
have instituted quiz competitions that
also educate them on safer digital
practices. As part of our Girls in ICT
Programme as well, all the girls in our
various regions that we institute this
programme in, are also educated on it.
We need to advocate responsible usage
of social media. We have adequate laws
to protect our children and ourselves, and
it is not just our children that are at risk.
There are several instances of adults who
are also subjected to all manner of cyber
criminal activities, either knowingly or
unknowingly online. It is important, just
as the Hon Member who made the
Statement indicated, that we educate
ourselves so that we could assist our
children and protect ourselves.
Mr Speaker, this latest scourge of
people posting nude photographs and
images of themselves online is plaguing
not just our young people but even some
of our older compatriots as well. It is
something that we need to guard against
because images, once posted online, stay
there forever. The person may have
deleted it from his or her device but there
are people who know how to always
retrieve those images. Therefore, these
are some of the things that they are
taught never to do.
Mr Speaker, it is also very intriguing
that you would never meet a total
stranger on the streets in-person who
would tell you that I would like you to be
my friend and you would agree and share
intimate information about yourself with
that complete stranger within a few days
of meeting him or her. However, this
activity is happening online where friend
requests are sent and almost instantly,
they become like people who have
known each other ever since they were
born or they are forever and we share
intimate details of our lives with them.
Our children, through this programme,
are taught what to do and what not to do.
But, as the Hon Member who made the
Statement indicated, it is absolutely
imperative that parents interest
themselves in what their children are
doing online. Unfortunately, most
parents are clueless or unaware of many
of the activities that their children are
engaged in, the sites that they browse
online, and the people they are talking to
online.
Mr Speaker, it is important that we
build relationships with our children that
would enable them to discuss some of the
challenges that they are facing or even
incidents that they are exposed to online
with us to enable us advise them on what
to do. Parents cannot protect their
children if they do not know what
dangers are out there. So, I agree
completely with the Hon Member who
made the Statement that we provide an
opportunity for the Cyber Security
Authority to give a full briefing to
selected Committees of the House, and I
would even add that the Committee on
Defence and Interior be given full
briefing. I am also in favour of regular
Reports being presented to the House,
not just on social media usage but also on
the state of cyber security in our country
generally to update us on actions that are
being taken and the support that is
required from us as lawmakers as well.
Mr Speaker, I would also urge the
House to assist the Cyber Security
Authority and the Ministry of Finance to
work towards operationalising the Cyber
Security Fund. We may have a lot of
programmes but without financing for
those programmes, it would be
impossible to reach out to as many
people as possible who need to be taught
and exposed to some of the dangers
online and how we could also protect
ourselves from those dangers that are out
there. Therefore, I would be grateful if
that referral could be made. I lend my full
support to it and I hope that through that
we could all work towards providing the
Cyber Security Authority with the
requisite support; logistical and financial
support that they need to expand their
ambit to ensure that we are all adequately
protected.
Mr Speaker, there is a Cyber Crime
Division of the Ghana Police Service
which works very closely with the Cyber
Security Authority and there is a law
enforcement liaison unit which has been
set up within the Cyber Security
Authority to assist Hon Members who
may have their identity stolen and cloned
online to deal very quickly with some of
those incidents. So, I would use this
opportunity to urge all Hon Members of
Parliament who may be impersonated on
any social media platform to contact the
Cyber Security Authority. They have
established very good linkages with all
the social media owners and all those
sites could be pulled down very quickly.
Unfortunately, as fast as they are pulled
down, they are just as quickly set up
again. So, it is a constant battle but we
cannot relent on this fight. So, I would
urge Hon Members to contact the Cyber
Security Authority.
Mr Speaker, there are also applications
which allow parents to monitor the sites
that their children visit and even shut
those sites down remotely. It is important
that the parents even check the history of
the sites visited by their children on the
computers, laptops, or smartphones as
well. The parents could also retrieve that
information as well. I am sure that if we
provide an opportunity for the Cyber
Security Authority to liaise with Hon
Members of Parliament, they could teach
us some of these tools that would enable
us protect our children and ourselves
online.
Mr Speaker, there is suggestion,
however, in paragraph 18 of the
Statement that I do not quite agree with,
in the sense that the Hon Member is
asking for prohibiting children under 16
from consuming or using social media
and plans to sanction parents or
guardians if any of their children are
found visiting those social media sites.
Social media platforms are tools for
either good or evil. It is not just visiting those sites, they visit those sites for educational purposes. So, let us not throw out the baby with the bath water. Let us find a way to help them navigate the internet safely; use the internet and these social media platforms responsibly and derive the benefits that are available online while avoiding the pitfalls that are also available online. Therefore, I would not be in favour of criminalising social media usage for children under 16. There
are budding geniuses and in our Girls in ICT Programme, we have encountered children as young as nine who are building their own websites and are developing all manner of interesting programmes through exposure to the wonders of the internet. Therefore, let us be circumspect in how we deal with this. We believe that through public education, sensitisation, and training on cyber hygienic practices, our children could derive maximum benefits from the internet while avoiding the dangers out there.
Mr Speaker, let me, once again commend the Hon Member who made the Statement, the Hon Deputy Majority Leader, and all the comments that have come. I would like to assure the House that we would work closely with Parliament to ensure that our children get the very best out of the emerging and available opportunities on the internet to enable them compete with their peers across the globe and come up top as well.
Mr Speaker, I thank you.